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Literature: what makes a hero?

This lesson explores the concept of the "Hero's Journey" from literature and real life. It covers key vocabulary, narrative tenses, and idioms related to facing challenges and personal growth.

B2 General Grammar Practical English Psychology Video
Literature: what makes a hero?
Photo by Jean-Philippe Delberghe / Unsplash

Summary

This ESL lesson for B2 English students delves into the universal concept of "The Hero's Journey." This English class material uses a captivating video and interactive activities to explore how this ancient narrative pattern shapes literature, film, and even our own personal growth.

Students will uncover the stages of a hero's quest, from the call to adventure to the return with a new life. Activities include a warm-up discussion on what makes a hero, a listening comprehension task based on the video, and a vocabulary matching exercise focusing on key terms like variant, threshold, and ordeal.

The lesson also features a grammar focus on narrative tenses (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect) for effective storytelling, practice with idioms for challenges and growth, and engaging speaking activities where students reflect on their own "hero's journeys." This material is designed to spark meaningful conversations about archetypal stories and personal development.

Activities

  • A warm-up discussion where students consider the qualities of real-life heroes, share their favorite fictional heroes, and discuss whether they believe in a personal "hero's journey."
  • Video comprehension questions and a fill-in-the-blanks exercise based on a TED-Ed video that breaks down the 12 stages of "The Hero's Journey."
  • A vocabulary matching activity to solidify understanding of key terms from the video, such as variant, quest, threshold, ordeal, reborn, and symbolic.
  • A grammar exercise focused on narrative tenses (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect), allowing students to practice using these tenses to tell stories chronologically.
  • A practical English section introducing and practicing idioms related to facing challenges and personal development, including "face your fears," "rise to the occasion," "cross the Rubicon," and "take the plunge."
  • Speaking practice activities encouraging students to identify the stages of the Hero's Journey in popular culture and reflect on their own "symbolic caves" and the "treasures" they've found.
00:00 Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
00:13 What do Harry Potter,
00:15 Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo
00:17 all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths?
00:20 (Roar)
00:21 What if I told you they are all variants of the same hero?
00:25 Do you believe that?
00:27 Joseph Campbell did.
00:28 He studied myths from all over the world and published a book called
00:32 "The Hero with a Thousand Faces,"
00:34 retelling dozens of stories
00:36 and explaining how each represents the mono-myth,
00:39 or Hero's Journey.
00:42 So, what is the "hero's journey"?
00:44 Think of it as a cycle.
00:46 The journey begins and ends in a hero's ordinary world,
00:50 but the quest passes through an unfamiliar, special world.
00:55 Along the way, there are some key events.
00:57 Think about your favorite book or movie.
01:00 Does it follow this pattern?
01:03 Status quo, that's where we start.
01:07 1:00: Call to Adventure.
01:09 The hero receives a mysterious message.
01:12 An invitation, a challenge?
01:14 2:00: Assistance
01:16 The hero needs some help, probably from someone older, wiser.
01:21 3:00: Departure
01:22 The hero crosses the threshold from his normal, safe home,
01:26 and enters the special world and adventure.
01:29 We're not in Kansas anymore.
01:30 4:00: Trials
01:32 Being a hero is hard work:
01:34 our hero solves a riddle,
01:35 slays a monster,
01:36 escapes from a trap.
01:39 5:00: Approach
01:41 It's time to face the biggest ordeal, the hero's worst fear.
01:46 (Roar)
01:48 6:00: Crisis
01:50 This is the hero's darkest hour.
01:52 He faces death and possibly even dies,
01:55 only to be reborn.
01:58 7:00: Treasure
02:00 (Roar)
02:02 As a result, the hero claims some treasure,
02:05 special recognition, or power.
02:08 8:00: Result
02:09 This can vary between stories.
02:12 Do the monsters bow down before the hero,
02:14 or do they chase him as he flees from the special world?
02:18 9:00: Return
02:20 After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world.
02:25 10:00: New Life
02:27 This quest has changed the hero; he has outgrown his old life.
02:32 11:00: Resolution
02:34 All the tangled plot lines get straightened out.
02:38 12:00: Status Quo,
02:40 but upgraded to a new level.
02:42 Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.
02:45 Many popular books and movies
02:47 follow this ancient formula pretty closely.
02:50 But let's see how well "The Hunger Games" fits the hero's journey template.
02:53 When does Katniss Everdeen hear her call to adventure
02:56 that gets the story moving?
02:57 When her sister's name is called from the lottery.
03:01 How about assistance?
03:03 Is anyone going to help her on her adventure?
03:05 Haymitch.
03:06 What about departure?
03:08 Does she leave her ordinary world?
03:10 She gets on a train to the capital.
03:12 OK, so you get the idea.
03:14 What do you have in common with Harry Potter,
03:16 Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo?
03:18 Well, you're human, just like them.
03:21 The Hero's Journey myth exists in all human cultures
03:24 and keeps getting updated,
03:26 because we humans reflect on our world
03:28 through symbolic stories of our own lives.
03:33 You leave your comfort zone,
03:35 have an experience that transforms you,
03:37 and then you recover and do it again.
03:40 You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort,
03:43 but you face problems just as scary.
03:46 Joseph Campbell said,
03:47 "In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek."
03:52 What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter?
03:55 Auditions for the school play?
03:57 Baseball tryouts?
03:59 Love?
04:00 Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across.
04:04 You will certainly see it again.
04:06 But also be sensitive to it in your own life.
04:09 Listen for your call to adventure.
04:12 Accept the challenge.
04:13 Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek.
04:17 And then,
04:18 do it all over again.

Vocabulary focus

The vocabulary section introduces essential terms for discussing epic narratives and personal journeys. Key terms include variant, quest, threshold, ordeal, reborn, and symbolic. Students will practice matching these terms to their definitions and using them correctly in context.

Grammar focus

This lesson concentrates on narrative tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect. Students will learn and practice how to use these tenses effectively to describe sequences of events, ongoing actions, and actions that occurred before other past events, which is crucial for retelling stories and recounting personal experiences.


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